Distinction
When one is centred emotional
When one is centred physically
Country
Cambodia
Vietrnam
PERSONALITY
DYNAMIC
EMOTIONAL-PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL-EMOTIONAL
Ways of thinking
and processing
information
Thinking and processing is non-linear and
associative.  Likes to think and plan in an
inter-personal process with others, in
which feelings, intuition and the
spontaneous connection of themes and
ideas all play a role.

All experiences are personalized.  They
have personal responses to everything
and want to connect personally with
everything and everyone.

Relationships with others are most
important.  The personalizing of my
experiences is one's gateway for gaining
clarity, and helps to maintain harmony
between oneself and others and among
those around, which is the primary focus
of one's attention.

Is highly intuitive but sometimes lack the
confidence to act one's intuition.  When
thoughts and feelings contradict,
intuition is the most reliable guide.  
Sometimes one experiences intuitive
signals as discomfort or unease in the
body.  The tension releases when
appropriate direction or action emerges.

Have an affinity for diversity and are
attracted to a myriad of activities and
interests, including a deep interest in
people.  Is also attracted to the many
forms in which objects are created and is
stimulated to creative activity.

Attraction to diversity is reinforced by
one's ability to be involved in many
things simultaneously.   Part of one's life's
work is to learn to value the "middle
way" - to balance the extremes within
oneself and in one interests and
commitments.  When they do, they stay
focused and clear.




Having time alone is essential to help
balance the intensity of one's
involvement with others and allowing me
to find my own center.  When
connected with one's own center, one
can see the broader picture and take
action accordingly.
Interested in concrete work and practical
results.  Think naturally in terms of whole
systems and all the interconnections
within them.



Is constantly absorbing information
around them like a sponge - the sensory
details, the people, the emotional mood,
the circumstances.

In any new undertaking, one immerses
oneself in acquiring data (including from
one's memory and the experiences of
others) without sorting or pre-selection.  




The information is allowed to "cook"
inside - assimilating, sorting and
synthesizing it through an organic
process that is partly conscious, partly
not.  Produces a detailed and
comprehensive plan of action or
outcome as the time available permits.


Have an innate sense of the continuity
and of the flow of events from past to
present to future.  Have a respect for the
past, and understand the significance of
knowing the historical context for
comprehending current situations.

Because one naturally experience life in
terms of interconnected systems, one
appreciates without reservation the need
and value of group life.  Community is a
constant and natural consideration for
this group.  However one's affinity for
group identification - whether as member
of a family, community, organization,
even humanity - may sometimes cause
one to lose touch with one's individual
needs and goals.

Because of organic and comprehensive
kind of information gathering and
processing, one may require considerable
time to plan (or to learn) something new.
 When sufficient time is not provided,
one can feel unsatisfied with the
completeness of what one produces and
therefore one's learning.  Given the time,
one masters new information in a detailed
and connected way.  Once they have
learned something, they rarely forget it.
Body
Because one emotional and physical
systems are closely linked, one's body is
usually extremely responsive to one's
feelings.  How I feel emotionally is
reflected in one's physical condition and
vice-versa.

Moreover my body constantly picks up
from the environment subtle signals,
including actual experiences of the
emotional and physical conditions of
others, even if there is no outward sign
of the other person's condition.  
Sometimes one has a difficulty
distinguishing one's own emotions and
physical sensation of others.  When I
have this discernment, my sensitivity is a
gift; without it I can lose my sense of self.

Because one is sensitive to the shifting
world of emotions, one may find that
one's energy is often uneven and
experience a wide range of frequently
changing moods.

One's body holds emotional trauma from
the past.  If the issues are not made
conscious, examined and resolved, their
build-up can lead to physical distress.  
Once the issues are identified, however
their effects can often be readily
discharged.

Regular physical exercise is essential to
one's well being, because it enables one
to release accumulated tension resulting
from emotional stress.
The body rhythm is generally even and
steady and one's sense are keen.





Because the body absorbs and records
so much data, one needs considerable
time alone to process all the information
one has collected.  This also helps one to
become aware of and release any
negative input.












One needs to spend time in the natural
environment, so as to resynchronize
oneself with nature's slower rhythmn and
stay balanced and healthy.




Because one tends to just accept and
endure any ailments, others may not
know when one is sick or in pain.
Communication
preferences and
characteritics
One strives to establish personal
connection with others through
communication in which feelings as well
as information are exchanged.

It is crucial that one processes both one's
feelings and thoughts with selected
persons for it is through such dialogue
that one clarifies one's thinking, identify
feelings precisely and come to
understand the meaning of one's
subjective experiences.

When one achieves clarity through
dialogue, one often feels a sense of
completion and release within one's body
and is able to take appropriate actions.




One also achieve clarity about one's
experiences through inner dialogue in the
silence of one's own contemplation.




Through self-understanding, one achieve
these ways, and one's capacity for
empathic personal communication, one
can help others to also gain insight,
understanding and release and to mend
and/or build relationships.
One's verbal responses may tend to
come slowly because there is so much
data to distill.


It is helpful to be given time to consider
and then to respond to questions or
statements.  Where meetings require
outcomes one benefits from being given
as much information as possible ahead of
time.


One is often unaware of the need for
sharing one's feelings and emotions.  
One's initial tendency is to talk about
what one is doing rather than who one is
and how one is feeling.  Much feeling may
lie unexpressed behind one's calm
exterior.

Since it is a challenge for one to
differentiate oneself from the "collective"
and establish one's own identity, one
may need to separate oneself from
people sometimes and listen, alone, for
one's own clear voice.

It sometimes take courage for one to
speak that voice when one is with others
and express one's personal feelings,
opinions, needs and wishes.
Communication
Needs
Personally connecting
Sensitive to feelings
Real feelings are expressed
Process oriented
Considerable context and detail
Concrete and factual
Practical
Sufficient time for response
Learning Needs
Someone begins by sharing a personal
experience  related to a problem.  The
subjectively expressed incident takes
the total group on a "journey' with the
speaker.  Out of the exchange of
personal experiences a structure of
understanding the situation and
rectifying the problems begins to
emerge.  It is clear that the quality of
the process is the most important value
shared by this group.  The changes in
mood and shifts of focus express a flow
between the inner and outer worlds.  In
group discussion, emotional past and
present time are choreographed in a
unique dance, from which a structure
for future action emerges.
The group begins in silence.  In a quiet
manner, they are inwardly searching for
a place to begin.  Beginnings do not
necessarily start in present time - they
may find it more useful to start back
many years ago.  In this way, continuity
is maintained and "the wheel does not
need to be reinvented".  Someone
begins.  The pacing here is more
deliberate.  Words seem measured and
concentrated, used for the exchange of
data rather than subjective expression.   
One person takes the time to put out a
whole piece of information in a way that
is both systematic and detailed.  
Everybody listens.  After a significant
pause, someone puts out another
"whole piece".  Slowly the group seems
to fall into a synchronous rhythm as if
they were part of a single organism.
Basic Learning
Process
Auditory
Lateral
Characterized by dialogue
Interpersonal with others
Takes in information that has personal
significance
Affective (appealing to the emotions)
Systemic
Interactive with task
Taking in much detailed data
Extensive internal processing
Hands-on experience

Absorption of information over time
Conditions for
Learning
A sense of personal comfort in the
learning situation;
Auditory emphasis (discussion,
personal exchange);
A sense of personal connection with the
instructor (through his or her
expressions of personal approval,
consistent interest, and honest
exchange of feelings);
Affective, imaginative presentations
(appealing to the emotions, possibly
dramatic);
Clear structure;
Opportunities for communication and
learning with others;
Specific activities that promote the
capacity for focus (to balance the
natural capacity for multifocus);
Specific time parameters;
Opportunities for release of body
tension through movement;
Opportunities for creative expression;
Opportunities to identify and process
feelings.
Utility (use) of the learning made explicit;
Considerable context provided;
Clear, systematic, concrete and detailed
presentation;
Clear parameters for assignments
(specific instructions for what, why,
where, when, how)
Kinesthetic emphasis in a "hands-on"
environment (opportunities for learning
by experience, demonstration, and
involvement of the whole body);
Deliberate pacing;
Sufficient time allowed to absorb,
assimilate, and distill data, complete
tasks and formulate responses (whether
spoken or written);
Concentration on one topic at a time
over an extended period, rather than
many different things in a relatively
short time;
Periodic checks to ensure that sufficient
data is available;
Avoidance of singling out from group;
A relaxed atmosphere.
Memory
One has a living emotional memory.  One
remember emotion-laden events from
the past in detail as if one was reliving
them in the present, and one experience
again the same emotions.


As a result I can emotionally affect others
with my recollection of events.
The memory is like a large data bank,
holding a mass of interconnected
information.  Because this is
interconnected rather than categorized,
it may sometimes take a while to retrieve
what is currently needed.

One is able to recollect in great sensory
detail those events or activities from the
past - even from long ago - in which one
was fully engaged.
Function
This group is a natural connector.  One
of this group's function is to understand
the nature of people and to use this
understanding to enhance
communication, collaboration and
harmony.


This group is also a good organizer and
can usually handle many things at once.  
If one is true to one's natural gift, I
ensure that the world of feelings is
understood, valued and taken into
account.
The function of this personality dynamic
is to respect "the whole" in one's
processing and actions.  I absorb and
synthesize large amounts of data in order
to achieve comprehensive understanding
and construct detailed systems of
operation.

In this way, they ensure that the
necessary detailed practical work is
undertaken for implementing any vision.  
It is important one is given time this
inclusive process requires.
Deep potential
From a position of empathic detachment,
 one uses one's deep exploration of
subjective experiences to illuminate the
human condition and bring awareness
and healing to others.
One deep purpose is to create unity of
diversity by maintaining bonds among all
group members in the spirit of
community.
Development
One offers a visionary capacity.
To formulate and articulate for oneself
and others the overarching vision for any
endeavour - to see the larger system of
which smaller systems are a part.
Factors causing
stress
Lack of opportunity to express feelings
Impersonal or threatening environment
Lack of personal connection
Involvement in too many activities
Exposure to too many stimuli
Insufficient factual data
Overload of accumulated data and
memories
Insufficient time to process data and
make responses
Insufficient time alone, especially in
nature, to reconnect with natural body
rhythm
Lack of clear parameters and directives
for tasks and responsibilities
What to remember
when interacting
with the group.
Those with a different personality
dynamics may need to learn to value the
concern with feelings of the emotional -
subjective; to recognize their use of
communication as a means of thinking
and clarifying what they feel or sense
intuitively; and to understand subjective
repetitiveness as an attempt to deal with
unresolved emotional issue, or to make a
connection that they feel has not been
made.  It is often a good idea to ask
members of this group after a
communication: "How do you feel?" "Do
you feel satisfied?"  The response will telll
you if the communication has been
complete or if more is needed.  If more
time is needed, but not immediately
available, a future meeting should be
scheduled.
It may be helpful to ask members of this
group, after a communication, if they
have all the data they need and if it is
clear what needs to be done.
PERSONALITY DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN CAMBODIANS AND VIETNAMESE