Systems Thinking Case Study
A Nation Coming Together:  Seeing a Nation Grow Systemically
Overview
D:  Discussions are pending
P:  Data collection is pending
ISSUES RESISTANT TO
CHANGE EFFORTS
(arranged in alphabetical
order)
Status
/
Loop
Units mandated
to control It
Systemic causes of the issue's
resistance to change efforts by
the nation (through government
efforts)
Consequences for the
nation
Possible leverage action areas
by the citizens (as they
appreciate
structures) and
indicators of progress of change
Post-
Independence
Expenditure
Levels
to-date (BWP)

(A)
Planned  
Expenditiure
Levels for
current NDP
(BWP)

(B)
Actual
Expenditure
Levels used
to-date for
current NDP
(BWP)
(C)
SYSTEMIC ISSUES IDENTIFIED AS ISSUES THAT HAVE RESISTED EFFORTS TO CHANGE BY THE NATION
WHEN (C) < (B) = INDICATOR OF PROGRESS
12 critical illnesses faced
by the Ministry (in
decreasing order of
severity):
  1. Tuberculosis
  2. Hypertension
  3. Diabetes
  4. Cancer
  5. Cervical cancer
  6. Trauma
  7. Maternal mortality
  8. Child mortality
  9. Malaria
  10. Oral ill-health
  11. Mental ill-health
  12. Substance abuse
  13. Likelihood of adults
    and children falling ill
    with change of seasons
P
/
2
Clinical Health
Services

Public Health
Department
Ilnesses particularly when they
are life threatening as well as are
systemic (affects a wide number
of individuals despite spatial and
temporal differences [regardless
of time and space] in society)
would often find the reasons
quickly getting beyond what we
know about the physiology of a
body.

We are now no longer referring
to how but rather what affects
organisms, organ systems,
organs, cells and biomolecules to
not carry out the chemical or
physical functions that exist in a
living system.

In our need to 'fight' the daily
frentic chores (work, funerals,
weddings, children, obligations,
farming, meetings, 'showing our
faces' to others in) of our lives,
our attention splits and
eventually it is consumed by
more of what's happening
outside our bodies and not to
what's happening within our
bodies (including subjecting it to
substance (medical) abuses).

We learn over time to assume
what we don't see would not
matter ... until it is too late.

Individuals (and organizations)
learning to watch that attention
that individual pays to what's
happening to within our bodies
and learning to regain
(self-)control of its changes as
much as society learns to accord
individuals with the space and
time in appreciating that 'our
bodies' (and not just the world)
need our attention as well.
  • Spiralling costs of
    healthcare
  • Capacity of the health
    system to provide
    services (attention by
    medical staff)
  • Provision of medical
    supplies (demand
    exceeds supply (chain))
  • Time patients spend
    away from their
    workplaces
  • Productivity of the
    workforce
  • Diminised sense of
    control by the individual
    in preventing the onset of
    the disease unless
    resorting to a medical
    practitioner
Continued attention (information
in the media, including TV) to
appreciate the impact of daily  
(aggression, consumptive) ways  
on
our bodies to:
  • our respiratory system
  • our circulation system
  • our digestive and excretory
    systems
  • our nervous system
  • our skeletal & muscular
    systems (joints)
  • our endocrine system (glands)
  • our sense and internal organs
  • and therefore our immune
    system

Pay attention to the impact and  
ways to either reduce or
eliminate their impact on our
bodies.

DO NOT PAY AS MUCH
ATTENTION ON THE REMEDIES
FOR SUCH AN IMPACT.

Rather the information needs to  
pay attention to:
  • The non-physiological causes
    (including lifestyle*) and
    therefore the lifestyle choices
    we make and encourage
    dialogue on what is causing
    such choices as well as assist
    citizens to notice the impact on
    costs to the system when we
    start paying attention to such
    causes.
  • Also help the nation appreciate
    the price we are paying as a
    nation for not paying attention
    to the causes and letting the
    illnesses develop and then
    finding ways to remedy (costs
    and losses incurred as a result
    of) them.

In instances where diseases are
an impact of diminished immunity
levels of the human body for
example of any of the following,
one should not expect these
levels to decline till levels of new
HIV infections declines first:
  • TB
  • Maternal mortality
  • Child mortality
  • Cervical cancer
  • Cancers
  • Likelihood of people falling ill
    with change of seasons (and
    the spread of the virus "in the
    air")

* It is however insufficient, for
instance in diabetes to say the
need to control the intake of
sweets but rather explore
reasons beyond the obvious as
to what fuels the intake e.g. if the
intakes allows one to meet
(
balancing) (dis-)comfort needs,
then to observe what in the
surroundings may be inducing
higher levels of discomfort that
leads to the increased leves of
the intake.  This requires
discussions as a nation (as
opposed to presentations by the
nurses).
     
Animal Production
D / P
/
2
MOA / Animal
Production
Qns:

  • What is the capacity of
    livestock / cattle carried on the
    land for cattle production given
    the land is bound and is used
    for human settlement, crop
    production, industrial
    development and wildlife and
    forestry systems?

  • What do we notice is the
    amount of land that is not
    become available for grazing
    (by livestock and wildlife) as a
    result of overgrazing / the land
    having lost its ability to
    rejuvenate itself for grazing?

  • What is the price we pay as a
    country (to fight diseases on
    cattle, wildlife, compensation
    and humans) bought on as
    cattle production and wildlife
    populations encroach each
    other?
         
Attraction & retention of
staff in the public sector
D / P
/
1
DPSM
Qns:

  • To what extent do staff in the
    public sector stay in the sector
    because they wanted (they are
    therefore exercising the
    disciplines of personal mastery
    and shared vision) to as
    opposed to 'they had to'?
         
Bribes, Interest, Nepotism
and Favouritism
D / P
/
1
DCEC
Qns:

  • To what extent citizens
    appreciate that as the
    relationship between the
    government and citizens widen,
    the number of cases of
    corruption in the system grows?
         
Burrow Pits
D
/
3
MLG / District:
South-East
           
Collection of Rates Arrears
D
/
3
MLG / District:
Kgatleng
Selebi Phikwe
           
Collection of SHAA Rentals
D
/
3
MLG / District:
Kgatleng
           
Collection of Tribal Court
fines
D
/
3
MLG / District:
Kgatleng
           
Compensation & Benefits
for public sector staff
P
/
1
DPSM
Qns:

  • To what extent do staff in the
    public sector stay in the sector
    because they wanted (they are
    therefore exercising the
    disciplines of personal mastery
    and shared vision) to as
    opposed to 'they had to'?
         
Control of animal (wildlife)
diseases
P
/
2
Wildlife
Department
           
Crime - Offences against
persons
1970
/
1
BPS
Children who grow up in a home
where the father's word is law
have a natural respect for
authority, at school, church and
all areas of society.  In a world
where men lead, we would have
less crime and violence, less
divorce, and less homosexuality.

Taking the lead, also helps a
man grow his masculinity
(something he would not have to
search through substance
abuses or promiscuous
behaviours).

Qns:
  • To what extent do households
    in the country see families
    being led by both the male and
    the female parents?
Out of necessity, he
acquires the traits of
firmness, decisiveness,
self-confidence and a
sense of responsibility.  His
children in turn  learns to
imbue (without being
taught) such qualities by
seeing their father lead
such lives.
There would be happier
marriages, happier homes and
therefore happier people and
society an a productive country.  
If the patriarchy (the leader)
could be lived widely, it would be
a world of law and order.
8,514,354,615
   
Crime - Property Offenses
1970
/
1
BPS
     
Crime - Public Order
Offenses
1970
/
1
BPS
     
Crops Production
1996
/
2
MOA
Production of warm-climate crops
as it is easier to do so, is likely to
lead to the land becoming
increasingly drier.
Leads us to the need to
grow warm-climate crops
(e.g. sorghum, millet).  This
trend is likely to lead to the
eventual wipeout of other
forms of crops and
eventually itself.
Production of cooler-climate
crops in areas pre-disposed to
such crops / trees and be
persistent in increasing the
coverage systemically across the
country and in 'pushing the
desert' back  This is a reversal
process.  The process needs to
persist as long as we have not
done so.
2,079,349,678
   
Demand for land
P
/
3
MLH
Qns:

  • How much of the land today is
    used for what purposes vis
    demands made on land?
         
Desertification and floods
(lands):
P
/
2
MLH

This is a joint
discussion
between MoA,
DWA, Wildlife,
Forestry and
MLH
Qns:

  • To determine how much of the
    land (and water) today is used
    for what purposes?  If the data
    suggests a disparate amount of
    the land is not used or has lost
    its capacity for generating
    vegetation (of all forms,
    including parks and forests) in
    the country, the country needs
    to be prepared to brace for
    floods (natures way of
    correcting the lack of greens).
         
Destitution / poverty
2003 / D
/
2
DSS

MLG / District:
Kgatleng
Ghanzi
Francistown
Qns:

  • To what extent citizens
    appreciate as the relationship
    (NOT the numbers) between
    the haves (and men) and have
    nots (and women) widen, the
    number of destitutes in the
    system grows?
    823,000,000
   
Forestry: Wild Fires
P
/
2
Forestry
Department
For centuries, fires occurred in
natural cycles that cleared dead
wood and allowed forests to
rejuvenate themselves. By
suppressing these natural blazes
in order to develop the
surrounding areas for residential
and commercial use, we have
allowed the undergrowth to
become so dense that now, when
a fire does strike, it quickly
becomes an inferno. “The great
forests that have survived over a
thousand years of natural fires
may be destroyed because of
humans tampering with a natural
process that we did not fully
understand.”

Qns:

  • To determine how much of the
    land (and water) today is used
    for what purposes?  If the data
    suggests a disparate amount of
    the land is not used by the
    greens in the country, the
    country needs to be prepared
    to face these wildfires.
         
Gender Empowerment
D
/
1
Gender Affairs
A man has a sacred duty to
provide the living.  He has an
inborn need to function in this
role, to feel needed and to excel
women in doing so.

The majority of men when they
come of age and marry, take the
enormous responsibility of full
social and economic
responsibility  for their wives and
children.  That upon the success
or failure of his efforts rests the
happiness, health and indeed
the lives of his wife and children.  
In the ultimate, he senses he
alone must take full responsibility
for them.

Women rarely knows how heavily
the burden weighs for the man
as he talks very little about it.  
They do not want their loved
ones to worry.
When men and women do
not assume these roles, the
burden of providing for the
women in the country falls
on the state (taxpayers'
money).
What a woman can do?  Women
seeking employment are not the
best solutions.  Instead to do the
following:

  • Reduce expenses
  • Reduce demands on this time
  • Live a feminine role.  Instead of
    helping the husband provide
    income, provide a wonderful
    home life.  Let him make a living
    and you make life worth living.  
    Be feminine, cheerful, and do
    all you can to bring a peaceful
    spirit in the home.
     
Growing or diversifying a
private-sector led economy
D
/
3
NSO
Qns:

  • What industries do citizens
    rather be engaged in?  What's
    preventing them from moving
    out of / away from the
    industries?
  • Behaviour of costs incurred by
    the government in assisting the
    citizens at all levels to grow or
    diversify the private sector
    (level of funds / loans)
    compared to revenue
    generated by the recipients
    (over time)?
  • If the two (investment vs
    returns) do not measure up,
    reflect the discrepancy (the
    sheets do not balance) and
    invite a discussion across the
    country to understand the
    deficit more carefully.

  • Rising expenditure of the
    government system.
  • The more the government
    acts to assist the citizens
    (and creates a reliant
    system of citizens /
    dependents), the less the
    private sector learn to be
    creative and generative in
    its efforts to diversify the
    economy.
  • Reduced revenue for the
    country
Rising revenue (and tax income
for the government) of the
country
     
Building of government  
infrastructure at optimal
expenditure
P
/
3
DBES
    Planning by projection rather
than by posterity:  Production of
Joint National Masterplan
     
Growth of ITC adoption
and use
D / P
/
3
DIT

Qns:
Telecommunication:  The more
mobile and landline users
contract (rather than be on
pre-paid) themselves to the
services, the cheaper the
telecommuting costs to all users.
  Planning by projection rather
than by posterity:  Production of
Joint National Masterplan
     
Growth of road
infrastructure at optimal
expenditure
P
/
3
Roads Dept
    Planning by projection rather
than by posterity:  Production of
Joint National Masterplan
     
HIV/AIDS infection
P
/
1
NACA
Dept of HIV/AIDs
A significant rate of transmission
is contributed by the rate at
which sexual relations are
decriminate with their partners
over time (serial monogamy) and
space (concurrent partners).  
While we may save the child from
its mother, but if we do not
understand what causes
relations between adults to
assume indescriminate sexual
relations, then when that child we
saved grows up, it would not be
able to save it from itself!  That is
money down the drain!  Should
transmission between adults
decline the need to prevent
transmissions between mother
and child can go away.
  • Country gains a greater
    sense of control over its
    finances that is likely to
    see greater
  • Public funds that could
    have been used for
    environmental,
    infrastructure and
    economic development of
    the country
  • Greater sense of
    autonomy and dignity
    exercised by the country
    in relations with the
    international socio-
    political and economic
    arenas.  This allows to
    position itself from a
    space of interdependence
    rather than dependence.
       
Human Resources Training
and Development in the
public sector
D / P
/
1
DPSM
  The more the government
acts to train its officers  
(and creates a reliant
system of citizens /
dependents), the less the
officers acquire skills to
learn (and think what do
they want) for themselves.
       
Illegal dumping of rubble/
wastes
D / P
/
3
MLG / District:
South East

Dept of Waste
Management
    Planning by projection rather
than by posterity:  Production of
Joint National Masterplan
     
IIlegal transfers of land
D / P
/
3
MLH
    Planning by projection rather
than by posterity:  Production of
Joint National Masterplan
     
Immigration Offences
1970
/
1
Immigration
Department,
MLHA
Offeders follow legal immigrants
(work permit holders and
citizens) who appear to prove
success in the new country can
be greater than one can do so in
one's own country.
         
Industrial relations in the
private sector
- Labour disputes
P
/
1
Labour
Department,
MLHA
The quality of the relations
between the employee and the
employer is the capacity of the
private sector to pay wages to its
employees.  However, this
depends on the capacity of the
private sector to grow
systemically (supporting the
growth (at increased revenue
and reduced costs, including
developing and processing raw
materials within the country) of
industries that eventually support
mine).  This has to build
consistently over time.
Industries thrive in the
country at lower costs and
therefore more able to pay
its workers.
Production of raw materials /
input materials within the country
increases. Unemployment
declines.  Wages increase.  Tax
collection increases.
     
Industrial relations in the
public sector:
- Litigations by public
sector officers against
employees
P
/
1
DPSM
The capacity of the public sector
to pay wages to its employees
depends on the success of the
private sector and the country in
generating revene (production)
more so than costs
(consumption) over time.
When the two reverses, the
employees would see their
wages go up.  When it does
nott go up, it is a sign
consumption is >
production.
The private sector does not
depend on the public sector for
its growth (tenders).
     
Inflation Levels
P
/
4
MOFDP
Causes of Inflation.  There is no
one cause that's universally
agreed upon, but at least two
theories are generally accepted:

Demand-Pull Inflation - This
theory can be summarized as
"
too much (easily available
through loans, aids and local and
foreign grants) money chasing
too few goods
". In other words, if
demand is growing faster than
supply, prices will increase. This
usually occurs in growing
economies or putting more
dollars in circulation diluting the
purchasing power of each dollar;
or: prices rise when there are
more dollars chasing the same
amount of goods.

Cost-Push Inflation - When
companies' costs go up, they
need to increase prices to
maintain their profit margins.
Increased costs can include
things such as wages, taxes, or
increased costs of imports.

Qns:

  • Behaviour of demand
    (consumption / costs) vs supply
    (production / revenue) over
    time?
The value of a dollar does
not stay constant when
there is inflation. The value
of a dollar is observed in
terms of purchasing power,
which is the real, tangible
goods that money can buy.
When inflation goes up,
there is a decline in the
purchasing power of money.
When production exceeds
demand, the value of the money
in the hands of the citizen
increases without necessarily
requiring workers seek wage
increase and thereby fuelling
inflation further.
     
Land use conflict
P
/
3
MLH
    Planning by projection rather
than by posterity:  Production of
Joint National Masterplan
     
Learning by students
P
/
1
MoESD
Level of learning by child is
determined by the partent's
relationship to the child.

The more the parents nurture
the child's
self-esteem
(self-confidence rather than
instilling fear of survival) to grow
the more the child retains the
skills needed for acquiring
knowledge and nurtures an
intrinsic love of doing so (as
opposed to acquiring monetary
gains) over one's lifetime.
The child learns without the
need for assistance of
(dependence on) a system
of education.  Learning
happens at lower units of
costs. Both children and
parents are inspired to
priotize their spending on
education.
The cost of education system
would decline.  The country
generates individuals with higher
levels of qualifications at lower
costs.
     
Localization Programme
D
/
1
Dept of Labour
           
Poaching of wildlife animals
P
/
2
Dept of Wildlife
           
Pollution
D / P
/
2
Dept of Waste
Management
           
Prisoner Complaints
D / P
Ombudsman
Dept of Prisons
           
Management of queues at
public service counters
D / P
/
3
DRTS
           
Relationship of Basarwas
with the government
D / P
OP
Noticing distinctions in
personality dynamics
         
Requests to change public
sector organizational
structures as a means of
improving positions for
officers thereby
commanding better pay or
positions
D / P
/
1
DPSM
           
Seeing the indigenous
culture grow
D / P
/
2
Dept of Culture
           
Squatting on lands illegally
P
/
3
MLH
Qns:

  • Behaviour of employment levels
    vs unemployed (not just those
    seeking active employment) in
    the place of origin of the
    squatters?
  • What is causing the disparity?
         
Tourism
P
/
3
Dept of Tourism
           
Traffic Offences
1970
BPS
           
Unemployment levels
D
/
1
MLHA / Dept of
Internship
           
VDC Rent Arrears
D
/
3
MLG / District:
Kgatleng
           
Vehicle accidents on the
roads / cost of vehicle
repairs and purchases
D / P
/
3
DRTS
CTO
Qns:

  • To what extent cars serviced
    and maintained in the country
    uses parts that are modified to
    fit the needs (to save cost or to
    'getting going') of the owner
    rather than the needs of the
    car?

  • To what extent do cars fitted
    with modified parts become
    involved in accidents?

  • What is the price we are paying
    as a nation to:
  • fit the modified parts and;
  • recover from accidents
    (insurance, repair costs)
  • lives lost to accidents.
         
Voter Apathy
P
IEC
Qns:

  • Noticing the extent political
    party lines follow or not follow
    tribal lines (unifying behaviour
    within the tribe)?

  • Noticing the extent of the
    perception that unless one is
    the one in power, one should
    not expect someone from
    another party (or tribe) be
    willing to consider the interests
    and needs of another party (or
    tribe).  "My tribe / village is my
    country."
  • This is a case of faster is
    slower.

    We became a nation very
    quickly by subserving one
    tribe below another.  This
    was done quickly to
    ensure the country does
    not fall into the hands of
    foreign interests.

    However this was done,
    before the country have
    had the time or made the
    effort to unify the interests
    of differences across
    tribes or even be able to
    pose the question: Should
    the country so as long as
    it maintains tribes, would it
    have a peaceful nation
    (one that does not fill the
    daily media with
    inneundos* of
    incompetencies and in
    return inciting partisan
    behaviour causing the
    need by all sides
    spending resources and
    time to defend itself from
    others)?

  • The nation loses the
    capacity to learn
    interdependencies with
    each other and beyond.

* An innuendo is a baseless
invention of thoughts or
ideas. It can also be a
remark or question,
typically disparaging (also
called insinuation), that
works obliquely by allusion.
In the latter sense, the
intention is often to insult or
accuse someone in such a
way that one's words, taken
literally, are innocent.

** Partisan, in multi-party
systems, the term is widely
understood to carry a
negative connotation -
referring to those who
wholly support their party's
policies and are perhaps
even reluctant to
acknowledge correctness
on the part of their political
opponents in almost any
situation.
       
Waste collection and
spillages
D
/
3
Dept of Waste
Management

MLG / District:
Francistown
South-East
    Planning by projection rather
than by posterity:  Production of
Joint National Masterplan
     
Waste Water Use
D
/
2
Dept of Waste
Management
    Planning by projection rather
than by posterity:  Production of
Joint National Masterplan
     
Water shortages &
availability
D
/
2
Dept of Water
Affairs
           
Wild Fires
D / P
/
2
Dept of Forestry
           
Youth Issues
D
/
1
Dept of Youth
MYSC
           
                 
TOTAL EXPENDITURE